multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to sociology along with their answers:
1. Who coined the term "sociology"?
a) Karl Marx
b) Max Weber
c) Auguste Comte
d) Émile Durkheim
Answer: c) Auguste Comte
2. Which of the following is not a social institution?
a) Family
b) Religion
c) Government
d) Technology
Answer: d) Technology
3. According to Karl Marx, which class owns the means of production in society?
a) Proletariat
b) Bourgeoisie
c) Peasantry
d) Aristocracy
Answer: b) Bourgeoisie
4. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of symbols and language in shaping social reality?
a) Functionalism
b) Conflict Theory
c) Symbolic Interactionism
d) Feminist Theory
Answer: c) Symbolic Interactionism
5. What is the term for the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a society?
a) Socialization
b) Social Mobility
c) Social Stratification
d) Social Control
Answer: a) Socialization
6. Which sociologist developed the concept of the "iron cage" to describe the dehumanizing effects of rationalization in modern society?
a) Karl Marx
b) Émile Durkheim
c) Max Weber
d) Talcott Parsons
Answer: c) Max Weber
7. Which of the following is an example of a manifest function of education?
a) Transmission of knowledge and skills
b) Reinforcement of social inequality
c) Hidden curriculum
d) Socialization of students
Answer: a) Transmission of knowledge and skills
8. What is the term for the systematic study of patterns and processes of human social interaction?
a) Psychology
b) Anthropology
c) Sociology
d) Economics
Answer: c) Sociology
9. Which sociologist is known for his study of suicide as a social phenomenon?
a) Émile Durkheim
b) Max Weber
c) Herbert Spencer
d) Robert Merton
Answer: a) Émile Durkheim
10. Which of the following is not a type of social inequality?
a) Gender inequality
b) Racial inequality
c) Age inequality
d) Religious inequality
Answer: d) Religious inequality
11. What is the term for the process by which individuals or groups are excluded from full participation in society?
a) Socialization
b) Stigmatization
c) Marginalization
d) Discrimination
Answer: c) Marginalization
12. Which sociological perspective views society as a complex system composed of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability?
a) Conflict Theory
b) Symbolic Interactionism
c) Structural Functionalism
d) Feminist Theory
Answer: c) Structural Functionalism
13. Who is considered the founder of modern sociology?
a) Karl Marx
b) Émile Durkheim
c) Max Weber
d) Auguste Comte
Answer: d) Auguste Comte
14. What is the term for the process by which cultural traits spread from one society to another?
a) Cultural assimilation
b) Cultural relativism
c) Cultural diffusion
d) Cultural globalization
Answer: c) Cultural diffusion
15. Which sociological perspective focuses on the ways in which gender shapes social life and inequalities between men and women?
a) Conflict Theory
b) Symbolic Interactionism
c) Structural Functionalism
d) Feminist Theory
Answer: d) Feminist Theory
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